The Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Stunting Incidence in Children Aged 24-59 Months: A Literature Review

Stunting is a nutrition-related problem that has garnered significant attention but remains unresolved to date. Exclusive breastfeeding is known to play a crucial role in reducing the risk of stunting in children aged 24-59 months, as it contains immunoglobulins, calcium, and essential nutrients for infants. To explore the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting incidence, we conducted a literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. Several scientific databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, and Sage Journals, were utilized to search for relevant articles. The keywords used were ("Exclusive Breastfeeding" OR Breastfeeding OR "Breast fed") AND (Stunting OR "Growth Disorder" OR "Stunted Growth") AND Toddler. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we successfully extracted and carefully analyzed 16 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the analysis revealed that exclusive breastfeeding in children aged 24-59 months acts as a protective factor against stunting. Children who receive exclusive breastfeeding are less likely to experience stunting compared to those who do not. These findings underscore the importance of providing exclusive breastfeeding to infants during the first six months of life to support optimal growth and development. Conversely, our analysis also indicates that non-exclusive breastfeeding may pose a risk factor for stunting in toddlers. Non-exclusive breastfeeding, involving the addition of supplementary foods or beverages alongside breastfeeding, can lead to suboptimal nutrient intake and hinder children's growth and development. In conclusion, the literature review emphasizes the significance of supporting and promoting exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of an infant's life to reduce the risk of stunting. Additionally, it is crucial to provide education and support to mothers in maintaining a balanced diet and adequate nutrition for their children after six months of age. Collaborative efforts from various stakeholders are essential in minimizing the issue of stunting, ensuring that children can grow and develop optimally to reach their full potential. Further research and appropriate interventions are also expected to contribute to a more comprehensive approach in addressing this stunting problem.

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