The Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Stunting Incidence in Children Aged 24-59 Months: A Literature Review
Stunting is a nutrition-related problem that has garnered significant attention
but remains unresolved to date. Exclusive breastfeeding is known to play a
crucial role in reducing the risk of stunting in children aged 24-59 months, as
it contains immunoglobulins, calcium, and essential nutrients for infants. To
explore the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting incidence,
we conducted a literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. Several scientific databases,
including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, and Sage Journals, were
utilized to search for relevant articles. The keywords used were ("Exclusive
Breastfeeding" OR Breastfeeding OR "Breast fed") AND (Stunting OR "Growth
Disorder" OR "Stunted Growth") AND Toddler. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we
successfully extracted and carefully analyzed 16 articles that met the inclusion
and exclusion criteria. The results of the analysis revealed that exclusive
breastfeeding in children aged 24-59 months acts as a protective factor against
stunting. Children who receive exclusive breastfeeding are less likely to
experience stunting compared to those who do not. These findings underscore the
importance of providing exclusive breastfeeding to infants during the first six
months of life to support optimal growth and development. Conversely, our
analysis also indicates that non-exclusive breastfeeding may pose a risk factor
for stunting in toddlers. Non-exclusive breastfeeding, involving the addition of
supplementary foods or beverages alongside breastfeeding, can lead to suboptimal
nutrient intake and hinder children's growth and development. In conclusion, the
literature review emphasizes the significance of supporting and promoting
exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of an infant's life to
reduce the risk of stunting. Additionally, it is crucial to provide education
and support to mothers in maintaining a balanced diet and adequate nutrition for
their children after six months of age. Collaborative efforts from various
stakeholders are essential in minimizing the issue of stunting, ensuring that
children can grow and develop optimally to reach their full potential. Further
research and appropriate interventions are also expected to contribute to a more
comprehensive approach in addressing this stunting problem.
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